Bockstensmannen on todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti Ruotsin tunnetuin arkeologinen l\u00f6yt\u00f6 keskiajalta, julkkis tavallaan. Vuonna 1936 suolta l\u00f6ydettiin sinne joskus 1300-luvulla haudatun murhatun miehen j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6kset. Turve oli s\u00e4il\u00f6nyt miehen asukokonaisuuden kaikkine osineen (kasvikuituja lukuunottamatta), joten l\u00f6yt\u00f6 kertoo meille todella paljon. Mit\u00e4 kaikkea suosta l\u00f6ydettiin, voi katsoa lis\u00e4\u00e4 Bockstensmannenin omilta sivuilta<\/a> ja Digitalt museumista<\/a>. <\/p>\n J\u00e4\u00e4nteiden perusteella kyseess\u00e4 ei ole talonpoika, vaan virkamies tai ehk\u00e4 k\u00e4sity\u00f6l\u00e4inen. Miehess\u00e4 ei ollut rankan ruumiillisen ty\u00f6n j\u00e4lki\u00e4, p\u00e4invastoin elintasosta kertova pieni mahap\u00f6mpp\u00f6 ja elintasosairauden alkumerkkej\u00e4. Olihan h\u00e4n kuollessaan keski-ik\u00e4inen. Viimeisen elinvuotensa mies oli asunut Varbergissa, ehk\u00e4 ty\u00f6skennellyt sen linnan palveluksessa jossa h\u00e4nen j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksens\u00e4 nykyisin ovat. Miehest\u00e4 on saatu DNA:ta, jota tutkitaan. Kiinnostavia uusia tietoja tulossa!<\/p>\n Housusukkien p\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 mies k\u00e4ytti jalkar\u00e4ttej\u00e4, jotka oli leikattu k\u00e4ytetyist\u00e4 vaatteista ja muista ylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4paloista. Jalkar\u00e4tit – mik\u00e4 nerokas juttu. El\u00e4v\u00f6itt\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4 on tullut tutuksi se keskiajan yleinen riesa eli m\u00e4r\u00e4t, kylm\u00e4t ja puhki kuluvat sukat. Aion ehdottomasti kokeilla sukkien p\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 t\u00e4t\u00e4 helppoa ja halpaa ratkaisua. Jalkar\u00e4teiss\u00e4 n\u00e4kyy miehen jalanj\u00e4lki ja toinen r\u00e4tti paljastuu tarkemmassa tarkastelussa muodikkaan vaatteen kaula-aukoksi. Kiehtovaa!<\/p>\n 1990-luvulla tehdyss\u00e4 puvun rekonstruktiossa viittaan kiinnitetty, asun ainoa v\u00e4rik\u00e4s osa eli punainen V:n muotoinen kappale siirrettiin huppuun. Aikanaan perustelu tuntui ihan toimivalta, mutta nyt kun sen n\u00e4ki liven\u00e4, tuntui ettei se siin\u00e4 kyll\u00e4 oikeasti ole voinut olla. Eik\u00e4 museokaan en\u00e4\u00e4 ole satavarmasti t\u00e4m\u00e4n tulkinnan takana. Keskiaikaisissa vaatteissa nimitt\u00e4in palasteltiin, mutta harvoin ilman ilmeist\u00e4 syyt\u00e4 miksi. Nyt olen taipuvainen ajattelemaan, ett\u00e4 V olisi sittenkin ollut viitassa. Uskoisin ett\u00e4 se on vahvistanut olkasaumaa alareunasta sill\u00e4 puolella, jolla viitta on avoinainen. <\/p>\n Kaikkea ei tosiaan tunnisteta, vaikka ne ovat hyvin s\u00e4ilyneen\u00e4 suoraan silmien edess\u00e4 – kuten esimerkiksi t\u00e4t\u00e4 nahkaista juttua jonka sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 on villaa. Se roikkui miehen vy\u00f6ll\u00e4. Teorioita on ollut, kuten kukkaro jonka pussiosa olisi leikattu pois, mutta mit\u00e4\u00e4n ei ole voitu varmasti todistaa. <\/p>\n Jaloissaan miehell\u00e4 oli r\u00e4syjen lis\u00e4ksi housusukat, kuten pit\u00e4\u00e4kin. Ja se tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n muuten varmasti, sill\u00e4 ne eiv\u00e4t l\u00f6yt\u00e4misen yhteydess\u00e4 tulleet p\u00f6yhityksi kuten yl\u00e4vartalon vaatekappaleet. Sukat olivat l\u00f6ys\u00e4sti jalassa istuvat ja niiss\u00e4 on erikoinen kiinnitys nahkany\u00f6reill\u00e4. Sukissa ei ole j\u00e4lke\u00e4k\u00e4\u00e4n ny\u00f6rinrei’ist\u00e4, vaan ny\u00f6rit ovat kiinni sukissa. Sin\u00e4ns\u00e4 sukat on tosi fiksua kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 niin, ett\u00e4 veto jakautuu kolmeen kohtaan yhden sijasta, mutta toistaiseksi on ep\u00e4selv\u00e4\u00e4 miten sukat pysyv\u00e4t ylh\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4. Museon mallinuken sukat on kuulemma kiinnitetty perinteisesti, koska nauhasysteemi on mysteeri. Jonkun pit\u00e4isi sit\u00e4 kokeilla! <\/p>\n Nyt kaikki vaatteet ovat sit\u00e4 V:t\u00e4 lukuunottamatta v\u00e4rj\u00e4ytyneet suossa punaruskeiksi ja ne tukevat yleist\u00e4 (v\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4) uskoa siihen ett\u00e4 keskiajalla kaikki olisi ollut tyls\u00e4n ruskeaa. On kuitenkin melko todenn\u00e4k\u00f6ist\u00e4, ett\u00e4 vaatteissa olisi alunperin ollut v\u00e4ri\u00e4, sill\u00e4 ovathan ne malliltaan (joskaan ei materiaaliltaan) muodikkaita eik\u00e4, kuten alussa todettiin, kyseess\u00e4 ollut k\u00f6yh\u00e4 talonpoika. Mutta kehityksen kehittyess\u00e4 voi olla, ett\u00e4 l\u00f6ydet\u00e4\u00e4n keino jolla saadaan vaatteessa piilevi\u00e4 v\u00e4rinj\u00e4lki\u00e4 esiin. <\/p>\n Kun Bockstensmannenin asukokonaisuuden n\u00e4kee kokonaisuudessaan ja varsinkin museon hienosti ennallistaman miehen mallinukkeversion p\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4, ei voi olla ihastelematta. Se on niin oikea, kokonainen ja mukavan ja toimivan oloinen asu. Ihmettelen, miksei se ole el\u00e4v\u00f6itt\u00e4j\u00e4miesten keskuudessa nykyist\u00e4kin suositumpi – eik\u00e4 vain mekko vaan koko asu, viittaa my\u00f6ten. (Katsokaa esim t\u00e4t\u00e4 Rikun Bocksten – mekkoa<\/a>, onko parempaa vaatetta, kysyn vaan?)<\/p>\n *****<\/p>\n This weekend I got to see a man that led my life to where it is now. Nearly 20 years ago I bought a book on the Bockstensmannen find – and it triggered a al lot of all this – my deep interest in archaeological textiles and working from original sources. Although the I’ve probably read about everything ever published on the very thoroughly investigated Bocksten man, this much awaited encounter taught me new things. <\/em><\/p>\n Bockstensmannen is probably Sweden’s most famous archaeological discovery from the Middle Ages, a celebrity of sorts. In 1936, the remains of a man murdered sometime in teh 14th century were found in a peat bog. The bog had preserved the man’s outfit exceptionally (with the exception of vegetable fibers). For a closer look on what lla was found, have look at his pages<\/a> or on Digital museum<\/a>. <\/p>\n His remains clearly show that the Bocksten man was not a peasant, but maybe an officer of sorts or perhaps a skilled craftsman. He shows no signs of doing hard physical labour. Instead, he is a middle aged man that has a bit of a stomach and the beginnings of a disease brought on by living comfortably. The last year of his life he had lived in Varberg, perhaps employed at the castle where his remains now are. Dna samples have been obtained and are now being studied. More interesting discoveries are on the way.<\/p>\n On top of his hose the man wore foot wraps, which had been cut from worn clothing and fabric scraps. Foot wraps – what a clever thing. Living history has aquainted me with the very medieval problem of wet and cold feet as well as hose wearing out. Foot wraps seem a cheap, easy and historical aid to all these issues, which I will definately try out in the coming season. If you look closely at the foor wraps, you can see the man’s footprint on them so you see how it was wound arounf the foot. And on closer inspection one of the wraps turns out to be a cut off fashionable neckline form a garment. Fascinating!<\/p>\n In the 1990’s conservation repairs were done on the outfit and the only colourful detail, a v-shaped madder-red piece was moved from the cloak onto the hood. (the seams have all disappeared and the clothing on the upper body was disturbed upon discovery so there is room for interpretation) Then, the reasoning seemed quite solid, but now when I saw it with my own eyes, not so much after all. And the museum are no longer a hundred precent behind the placement on the hood either. Medieval clothing used piecing a lot, but rarely without any obvious reason why. Now I am inclined to think that V would, after all, belong on the cloak. I believe that had enforced the shoulder seam opening at the side where the cloak was open.<\/p>\n Even in this thoroughly researched find, not all puzzles are soleved or all items recognised. Not even if they are well preserved directly in front of the eye – such as the leather THING inside of which is wool. It hung on his belt. There are theories like it being a purse with the wool bag part cut off, but nothing has been certainly proved.<\/p>\n On his legs the man wore hose as one did at that time. And this, by the way, is known for sure, because they were still on him as he was removed from the bog and remained undisturbed, unlike the clothing on his upper body. His hose were loosely fitting and have a very special fastening with leather cord. On the hose there are no traces of lacing holes for laces that would attach his hose to the breeches belt. In a way a three-point suspension system is very clever because the pull on the fabric is divided onto three points instead of just one, but how exaclty did it work? The museum mannequin that wears a reproduction on the outfit has hose that are conventionally attached hidden under his tunic, because the museum researches didn’t crack the mystery of the hose suspension either yet. Someone should try it!<\/p>\n Now all the clothes, apart from the madder-red V mentioned above, are a reddish brown – because of the peat bog. So they support the widespread (false) belief that all of the clothing of the Middle Ages would have been a dull brown. However, it is quite likely that the clothes would have originally been dyed, because after all, they are somewhat fashionable in their design (even if not in the type of fabric). And as I mentioned earlier, on a man that was not a poor peasant. So far all the reseach has provided no trace of the colors but I wouldn’t declare them lost forever. Methods develop and we may some day know if there was color on him. <\/p>\n When you see the Bockstensmannens the outfit as a whole, you cannot but admire it. Especially on the museum’s mannequin with the facial reconstruction based on forensics, it becomes so REAL, so correct, complete, funtional and comfy. I wonder why not all men doing medieval living history are not dressed like that all the time? And not just the tunic (which is popular, although most versions are shorter than the original) but the whole outfit, cloak and all. (See, eg, this Riku’s inspired by Bocksten – dress<\/a>, can there be a better item of medieval clothing?)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Viikonloppuna sain vierailla el\u00e4m\u00e4ni mullistaneen miehen luona. Melkein 20 vuotta sitten ostin kirjan Bockstensmannenista – ja se laukaisi vimmatun kiinnostuksen tekstiiliarkeologiaan ja mahdollisimman alkuper\u00e4isiin l\u00e4hteisiin. Vaikka Bockstenin mies on varsin tuttu ja perinpohjin tutkittu, kovasti odottamani kohtaaminen toi paljon uutta! <\/p>\n This weekend I got to see a man that led my life to where it is now. Nearly 20 years ago I bought a book on the Bockstensmannen find – and it triggered a al lot of all this – my deep interest in archaeological textiles and working from original sources. Although the I’ve probably read about everything ever published on the very thoroughly investigated Bocksten man, this much awaited encounter taught me new things. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7,2,13],"tags":[51,200,176,115,201],"class_list":["post-29819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-museot","category-neulakko","category-tutkimus","tag-arkeologia","tag-bockstensmannen","tag-museot","tag-ruotsi","tag-varberg"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8705.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3uIb4-7KX","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29819"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29938,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29819\/revisions\/29938"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neulakko.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8705.jpg\")
Kaikki ei k\u00e4rsineet vilua ja n\u00e4lk\u00e4\u00e4<\/strong><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8708.jpg\")
Pit\u00e4isi itsekin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 jalkar\u00e4ttej\u00e4<\/strong><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8711.jpg\")
Se V ei kyll\u00e4 varmaan ollut siin\u00e4 hupussa<\/strong><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8681-e1490262624401.jpg\")
Mik\u00e4 ihmeen juttu oli vy\u00f6ll\u00e4<\/strong><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/IMG_8710.jpg\")
Mystinen kolmipistekiinnitys housusukissa <\/strong><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.neulakko.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_8693.jpg\")
V\u00e4reist\u00e4 ei tiedet\u00e4 <\/strong><\/h4>\n
Miten toimiva ja ihana kokonaisuus on<\/strong><\/h4>\n
Everyone was clearly not starving<\/strong><\/h4>\n
Foot wraps are something to consider <\/strong><\/h4>\n
That V probably wasn’t on that hood after all<\/strong><\/h4>\n
What is that thing hanging on the belt<\/h4>\n
Mysterious leather thong system on the hose<\/h4>\n
The colors remain hidden <\/h4>\n
What a wonderful outfit it is <\/h4>\n